MARXISM / COMMUNISM

The birth of Marxism / Communism and the core teachings

  Marxism / Communism was born from the context of European industrial society of the 19th century, with all the injustices, human exploitation that particular class / working class. According to Marx's analysis, the conditions and technical possibilities are growing and changing industrial production processes, but the organizational structure of production processes and community structure remained at the old rate which is determined by class interests. So, many people who needed to work, but few who drove the process of production and profit. Because the real purpose of human work is the master of nature itself and realize its own ideals, resulting in alienation of human dignity and of the fruits / results of its work. Because of human alienation from his hasi occur in large numbers (of mass) and global, the solution must also be collective and global.


  Understanding self-Marxism is not a new philosophy (according to Marx, philosophy just busy interpreting the history and reality), but intend to change their philosophy (with the aim of changing the history and reality). Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx in 1847 declared a "Communist manifesto" in which the system of capitalism fought without compromise. The oppressed, especially the proletariat (the workers) should be empowered, and those who should be the subject of a revolutionary history to change the system of society into a just society, without classes (classless society), so even without any state (stateless society): socialism / communism . Wealth and the means of production should be owned not by a minority / upper class in person, but by the nation as a collective. Every individual here get parts no longer based on social status, kapitalnya or services, but according to his needs.


  Philosophy of life or "weltanschauung" Marxism is atheism. First of all atheism is to be understood from the context of the birth of Marxism, where the mainly Protestant Christian church failed to respond to social challenges that emerged in the 19th century in Europe. When Marx spoke of religion as "opium for the people" - especially in front of his eyes is a religion like Christianity Protestant pietism movement which prioritized the "salvation of the soul" someone and not care about the social and political conditions. Karl Marx suffered form of religion that only stabilize the status quo and in alliance with the rulers of his day. God manipulated to legitimize power structures and political systems-capitalist. However, communist atheism is not just the result of socio-political context of the 19th century, but developed into an anti-religious ideology. In the dialogue between communism and religion are held in pelbagi form especially in the sixties of the 20th century, some communists did admit that religion can also be a factor of liberation and social justice, but the establishment of an atheist is never questioned. For Marxism, religion is a human projection (Feuerbach), and only reflect the power structures of society. Man must free itself from all dependence and authority, whether human or divine.


  According to Marxism Ethics, ethical norms held by a society or a particular class, not the values that bedasarkan statement / divine revelation or eternal laws, but rather reflects and is rooted in material conditions of society. Therefore, state and community structure must be changed (eg from the class / group to a socialist society), so that nations and people (as represented by the proletariat) can develop all their potential and possibilities - which so far only been exploited for the interests of the class above - for "safety" the entire nation. Here appears anthropology (picture of man) of Marxism is very optimistic. Humans are part of nature, that through the work of human nature can be controlled, modified and used as human property. Man through his work over matter (materialism). This is not an individual process, but the collective processes that serve community needs. This process occurs not by evolutionary, but rather through the emergence of contradictions in society are resolved in a revolutionary way to achieve new levels of history (dialectical materialism). Human nature to be fulfilled through the process of the society, where all separation between humans (class, country, etc..) Abolished. Because humans themselves are the subject of an intrinsic change (which is growing at a revolutionary), finally man is the creator and redeemer himself.


  Here comes a very large gap between theory and practice of Marxism, the ideology of communism and socialism real ". State the first to apply the system of communism was the Soviet Union, 1917 under the leadership of Lenin (... Stalin, Krushev ... Brezhnev, Gorbachev) , and many other countries that take part, until after World War II, the world is divided into two: the "capitalist" and "communist world" are hostile to each other in the "cold war". In fact there is a shared state, such as South Korea and North Korea or West Germany and East Germany. We were able to see some examples, where the social values of communism is realized with a convincing way, but in general we can say that the values that ultimately prove myself that can not be realized in the political system in a way that benefit society. Rather, social values are often sacrificed for political interests and power in national and international context.